Basil Hall Chamberlain (18 October 1850 â€" 15 February 1935) was a professor of Japanese at Tokyo Imperial University and one of the foremost British Japanologists active in Japan during the late 19th century. (Others included Ernest Satow and W. G. Aston.) He also wrote some of the earliest translations of haiku into English. He is perhaps best remembered for his informal and popular one-volume encyclopedia Things Japanese, which first appeared in 1890 and which he revised several times thereafter. His interests were diverse, and his works included a volume of poetry in French.
Early life
Chamberlain was born in Southsea (a part of Portsmouth) on the south coast of England, the son of an Admiral William Charles Chamberlain and his wife Eliza Hall, the daughter of the travel writer Basil Hall. His younger brother was Houston Stewart Chamberlain. He was brought up speaking French as well as English, even before moving to Versailles to live with his maternal grandmother in 1856 upon his mother's death. Once in France he acquired German as well. Chamberlain had hoped to study at Oxford, but instead started work at Barings Bank in London. He was unsuited to the work and soon had a nervous breakdown. It was in the hope of a full recovery that he sailed out of Britain, with no clear destination in mind.
Japan
Chamberlain landed in Japan on 29 May 1873. He taught at the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy in Tokyo from 1874 to 1882. His most important position, however, was as professor of Japanese at Tokyo Imperial University beginning in 1886. It was here that he gained his reputation as a student of Japanese language and literature. (He was also a pioneering scholar of the Ainu and Ryukyuan languages.) His many works include the first translation of the Kojiki into English (1882), A Handbook of Colloquial Japanese (1888), Things Japanese (1890), and A Practical Guide to the Study of Japanese Writing (1905). A keen traveller despite chronic weak health, he cowrote (with W. B. Mason) the 1891 edition of A Handbook for Travellers in Japan, of which revised editions followed.
Chamberlain was a friend of the writer Lafcadio Hearn, once a colleague at the University, but the two became estranged over the years. Percival Lowell dedicated his travelogue Noto: An Unexplored Corner of Japan (1891) to Chamberlain.
Chamberlain also translated the works of Fukuzawa Yukichi and other Japanese scholars into English. During his tenure at the Tokyo Imperial University, he sent many Japanese artifacts to the Pitt Rivers Museum at Oxford.
He left Japan in 1911 and moved to Geneva, where he lived until his death in 1935.
Works by Chamberlain
- The Classical Poetry of the Japanese. 1880.
- A Translation of the 'Ko-Ji-Ki'. 1882.
- The Language, Mythology, and Geographical Nomenclature of Japan Viewed in the Light of Aino Studies. 1887.
- Aino Folk-Tales. 1888.
- A Handbook of Colloquial Japanese. 1887.
- Things Japanese. Six editions, 1890â€"1936. (A paperback version of the fifth edition, from 1905 edition â€" with the short bibliographies appended to many of its articles replaced by lists of other books put out by the new publisher â€" was issued by the Charles E. Tuttle Company as Japanese Things in 1971 and has since been reprinted several times.)
- A Handbook for Travellers in Japan. Co-written with W. B. Mason
- 3rd ed. 1891.
- 4th ed. 1894.
- 5th ed. 1899.
- 6th ed. 1901
- 7th ed. 1903.
- 8th ed. 1907.
- 9th ed. 1913.
- Essay in Aid of a Grammar and Dictionary of the Luchuan Language 1895 (a pioneering study of the Ryukyuan languages)
- "BashÅ and the Japanese Poetical Epigram." Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan, vol. 2, no. 30, 1902 (some of Chamberlain's translations from this article are included in Faubion Bowers' The Classic Tradition of Haiku: An Anthology, Dover Publications, 1996, 78pp. ISBN 0-486-29274-6)
- Japanese Poetry. 1910.
- The Invention of a New Religion. 1912. At Project Gutenberg. Incorporated into Things Japanese from 1927.
- Huit Siècles de poésie française. 1927.
- . . . encore est vive la Souris. 1933.
Bibliography
- Kojiki
- Chamberlain, Sir Basil Hall (1882). "A Translation of the 'Ko-ji-ki', or Records of Ancient Matters". Transactions of the Asiastic Society of Japan. 10, suppl. Yokohama.Â
- (Rechaptered with Horne's notes) in: Horne, Charles Francis, ed. (1917). The Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East: With an Historical Survey and Descriptions 13. Parke. pp. 8â€"61.Â
- Wikisource: "Kojiki (Horne's edition).
See also
- Anglo-Japanese relations
- O-yatoi gaikokujin
Notes
- ^ Earlier editions were titled A Handbook for Travellers in Central and Northern Japan and were by Ernest Satow and AÂ GÂ S Hawes.
References
Further reading
- ÅŒta, YÅ«zÅ, Basil Hall Chamberlain: Portrait of a Japanologist (1998)
External links
- Works by Basil Hall Chamberlain at Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about Basil Hall Chamberlain at Internet Archive
- Works by Basil Hall Chamberlain at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
- Chamberlain's translation of the Kojiki
- Chamberlain's collection of Ainu folk tales