Isaac Stern

Isaac Stern (Ukrainian: Ісаак Штерн, Russian: Исаа́к Штерн; 21 July 1920 â€" 22 September 2001) was an American violinist and conductor.

Biography

The son of Solomon and Clara Stern, Isaac Stern was born into a Volhynian-Jewish family in Kremenets (Krzemieniec), then in the Soviet Ukraine (the year after his birth it again became part of Poland). He was fourteen months old when his family moved to San Francisco. He received his first music lessons from his mother. In 1928, he enrolled at the San Francisco Conservatory of Music, where he studied until 1931 before going on to study privately with Louis Persinger. He returned to the San Francisco Conservatory to study for five years with Naoum Blinder, to whom he said he owed the most. At his public début on 18 February 1936, aged 15, he played Saint-Saëns' Violin Concerto No. 3 in B minor with the San Francisco Symphony under the direction of Pierre Monteux. Reflecting on his background, Stern once memorably quipped that cultural exchanges between the US and Soviet Russia were simple affairs:

"They send us their Jews from Odessa, and we send them our Jews from Odessa."

Stern toured the Soviet Union in 1951, the first American violinist to do so. In 1967, Stern stated his refusal to return to the USSR until the Soviet regime allowed artists to enter and leave the country freely. His only visit to Germany was in 1999, for a series of master classes, but he never performed publicly in Germany.

Stern was married three times. His first marriage, in 1948 to ballerina Nora Kaye, ended in divorce after 18 months, but the two of them subsequently remained friends. On 17 August 1951, he married Vera Lindenblit. They had three children together, including the conductor Michael Stern. Their marriage ended in divorce in 1994 after 43 years. In 1996, Stern married his third wife, Linda Reynolds. His third wife, his three children, and five grandchildren survived him.

Music career

In 1940, Stern began performing with Russian-born pianist Alexander Zakin, collaborating until 1977. Within musical circles, Stern became renowned both for his recordings and for championing certain younger players. Among his discoveries were cellists Yo-Yo Ma and Jian Wang, and violinists Itzhak Perlman and Pinchas Zukerman. In the 1960s, he also played a major role in saving New York City's Carnegie Hall from demolition, by organising the Citizens' Committee to Save Carnegie Hall. Following the purchase of Carnegie Hall by New York City, the Carnegie Hall Corporation was formed, and Stern was chosen as its first president, a title he held until his death. Carnegie Hall later named its main auditorium in his honor.

Among Stern's many recordings are concertos by Brahms, Bach, Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Tchaikovsky, and Vivaldi and modern works by Barber, Bartók, Stravinsky, Bernstein, Rochberg, and Dutilleux. The Dutilleux concerto, entitled L'arbre des songes ["The Tree of Dreams"] was a 1985 commission by Stern himself. He also dubbed actors' violin-playing in several films, such as Fiddler on the Roof.

Stern served as musical advisor for the 1946 film, Humoresque, about a rising violin star and his patron, played respectively by John Garfield and Joan Crawford. He was also the featured violin soloist on the soundtrack for the 1971 film of Fiddler on the Roof. In 1999, he appeared in the film Music of the Heart, along with Itzhak Perlman and several other famed violinists, with a youth orchestra led by Meryl Streep (the film was based on the true story of a gifted violin teacher in Harlem who eventually took her musicians to play a concert in Carnegie Hall).

In his autobiography, co-authored with Chaim Potok, My First 79 Years, Stern cited Nathan Milstein and Arthur Grumiaux as major influences on his style of playing.

He won Grammys for his work with Eugene Istomin and Leonard Rose in their famous chamber music trio in the 1960s and '70s, while also continuing his duo work with Alexander Zakin during this time. Stern recorded a series of piano quartets in the 1980s and 1990s with Emanuel Ax, Jaime Laredo and Yo-Yo Ma, including those of Mozart, Beethoven, Schumann and Fauré, winning another Grammy in 1992 for the Brahms quartets Opp. 25 and 26.

In 1979, seven years after Richard Nixon made the first official visit by a US President to the country, the People's Republic of China offered Stern and pianist David Golub an unprecedented invitation to tour the country. While there, he collaborated with the China Central Symphony Society (now China National Symphony) under the direction of conductor Li Delun. Their visit was filmed and resulted in the Oscar-winning documentary, From Mao to Mozart: Isaac Stern in China.

Ties to Israel

Stern maintained close ties with Israel. Stern began performing in the country in 1949. In 1973, he performed for wounded Israeli soldiers during the Yom Kippur War. During the 1991 Gulf War and Iraq's Scud missile attacks on Israel, he played in the Jerusalem Theater. During his performance, an air raid siren sounded, causing the audience to panic. Stern then stepped onto the stage and began playing a movement of Bach. The audience then calmed down, donned gas masks, and sat throughout the rest of his performance. Stern was a supporter of several educational projects in Israel, among them the America-Israel Foundation and the Jerusalem Music Center.

Instruments

Stern's favorite instrument was the Ysaÿe Guarnerius, one of the violins produced by the Cremonese luthier Giuseppe Guarneri del Gesù. It had previously been played by the violin virtuoso and composer Eugène Ysaÿe.

Among other instruments, Stern played the "Kruse-Vormbaum" Stradivarius (1728), the "ex-Stern" Bergonzi (1733), the "Stern-Alard" Guarneri del Gesù (1737), a Michele Angelo Bergonzi (1739â€"1757), the "Arma Senkrah" Guadagnini (1750), a Giovanni Guadagnini (1754), a J. B. Vuillaume copy of the "Panette" Guarneri del Gesu of 1737 (c.1850), and the "ex-Nicolas I" J.B. Vuillaume (1840). He also owned two contemporary instruments by Samuel Zygmuntowicz.

In 2001, Stern's collection of instruments, bows and musical ephemera was sold through Tarisio Auctions. The May 2003 auction set a number of world records and was at the time the second highest grossing violin auction of all time, with total sales of over $3.3M.

Awards and commemoration

• Sonning Award (1982; Denmark)
• Wolf Prize
• Kennedy Center Honors (1984)
• Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Soloist(s) Performance (with orchestra) (1962, 1963, 1965, 1982)
• Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance (1971, 1992)
• National Medal of Arts (1991)
• Presidential Medal of Freedom (1992)
• Polar Music Prize (2000; Sweden)
• Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur (1990)
• Gold Medal of the Royal Philharmonic Society (1991)
• Carnegie Hall Midtown Manhattan, New York: main auditorium was named for Isaac Stern in 1997.

In 2012, a street in Tel Aviv was named for Stern.

Discography

• 1944

Brahms: String Sextet No. 1 (with Alexander Schneider, Milton Katims, Milton Thomas, Pablo Casals and Madeleine Foley)

• 1944

Brahms: Trio for Piano, Violin and Cello No. 1 in B Major, op. 8 (with Myra Hess and Pablo Casals)

• 1952

Bach: Partitia in E Minor & G Minor for Violin and Piano, Sonata No.3 in E Major for Violin and Piano (with Alexander Zakin)

• 1957

Wieniawski: Violin Concerto No. 2 in D Minor, op. 22 (with Philadelphia Orchestra; conductor: Eugene Ormandy)

• 1958

Tchaikovsky: Violin Concerto in D Major op. 35 (with Philadelphia Orchestra; conductor: Eugene Ormandy)

Mendelssohn: Violin Concerto in e minor op. 64 (with Philadelphia Orchestra; conductor: Eugene Ormandy)

• 1959

Saint-Saens: Introduction & Rondo Capriccioso op. 28 (with Philadelphia Orchestra; conductor: Eugene Ormandy)

• 1983

Bach, Vivaldi: Concertos for 2 Violins

Isaac Stern: 60th Anniversary Celebration

Mendelssohn: Violin Concerto; Beethoven: Romances in G & F Major

Haydn: London Trios

• 1985

An Isaac Stern Vivaldi Gala

• 1986

Tchaikovsky, Mendelssohn: Violin Concertos

• 1987

Dutilleux: L'Arbre des Songes (Concerto pour Violin et Orchestre) & Maxwell Davies: Concerto for Violin and Orchestra

Celebration

Bach: Double Concerto; Violin Concertos Nos.1 & 2

Beethoven: Violin Concerto

Mozart: The Flute Quartets

Bach: Concertos for Violin, BWV 1041â€"43 & 1060

• 1988

Shostakovich: Piano Trio No.2; Cello Sonata

Brahms: Concerto for Violin, Cello and Orchestra in A Minor, Op. 102 & Piano Quartet No. 3 in C Minor, Op. 60

Prokofiev: Violin Concertos No. 1 & 2

Brahms: Violin Concerto

• 1989

The Japanese Album

Music, My Love

Prokofiev: Concertos No. 1 & 2 for Violin and Orchestra

Mozart: Violin Concertos Nos.4 & 5

• 1990

Brahms, Mendelssohn, Schubert: Trios

Brahms: The Piano Quartets

Rameau: Pieces de clavecin en concerts

Lalo, Bruch, Wenianski, others: Violin Concertos

Bach, Mozart, Brahms, others: Violin Concertos

Mozart, Telemann, J.C. Bach, Reicha: Trios, Quartets

Schubert: Violin Sonatas

Humoresque: Favorite Violin Encores

• 1991

Beethoven: Piano Concerto No.5 "Emperor"; Triple Concerto

Beethoven: Complete Trios

Concert of the Century: Celebrating the 85th Anniversary of Carnegie Hall

Dvorák: Cello Concerto; Violin Concerto

Webern: Complete Works, Op. 1 â€" Op. 31

• 1992

Brahms: Sextets; more

• 1993

Tchaikovsky: Concerto for Violin and Orchestra & Serenade for Strings

Fauré: Piano Quartets

• 1994

Greatest Hits: Violin

The House of Magical Sounds

Greatest Hits: Schubert

Greatest Hits: Brahms

Beethoven, Schumann: Piano Quartets

Mozart: Sonatas for Violin and Piano, K. 454, 296 & 526

Beethoven: Piano Trios "Ghost" & "Archduke"

Bach: Violin Concerto, BWV 1041; Piano Concerto, BWV 1056; Brandenburg Concerto No.5; more

Mozart: Sinfonia Concertante; Violin Concerto No.5

Brahms: Sextet in B-flat major, Op. 18 & Piano Trio No. 1 in B major, Op. 8

Schubert: Quintet in C major, D956 & Symphony No. 5 in B-flat major, D485

• 1995

Isaac Stern Presents Encores with Orchestra

Telemann, Bach Family: Trio Sonatas

Mendelssohn: Piano Trios 1 & 2

Brahms: Piano Trios, Piano Quartets

A Life in Music, Vol.3: Bach, Beethoven, Brahms, Mozart, more

Beethoven: Piano Trios "Ghost" & "Archduke"; Variations

Schubert, Haydn: Piano Trios; Mozart: Piano Quartet

Bartók: Violin Concertos

Bernstein/Dutilleux: Violin Concertos

Berg: Violin Concerto; Kammerkonzert

Prokofiev/Bartók: Violin Concertos; Rhapsody No.1

Stravinsky/Rochberg: Violin Concertos

Barber/Maxwell Davies: Violin Concertos

Hindemith/Penderecki: Violin Concertos

Berg: Piano Sonata; Krenek: Piano Sonata No.3; Webern: Piano Variations; Debussy, Ravel: works

A Life in Music, Vol.1: Beethoven, Brahms, Mendelssohn, Sibelius, more

Mozart: Haffner Serenade

Mozart: Sonatas for Violin and Piano, Vol. II

Beethoven, Brahms: Violin Concertos

Tchaikovsky/Sibelius: Violin Concertos

Bach: Violin Concertos; Double Concerto; more

Vivaldi: The Four Seasons; Concertos

Mozart: Violin Concertos Nos.1â€"5; Sinfonia concertante; more

Wieniawski/Bruch/Tchaikovsky: Violin Concertos

Mendelssohn/Dvorák: Violin Concertos

• 1996

More Mozart's Greatest Hits

Mozart: Violin Sonatas, Vol. III

Schubert and Boccherini String Quintets

A Life in Music, Vol.4: Bach, Bartók, Beethoven, Copland, Schubert, more

Prokofiev: Violin Sonatas

Bartók: Violin Sonatas; Webern: Four Pieces for Violin and Piano

Beethoven: Violin Sonatas

J.S. & C.P.E. Bach, Handel, Tartini: Violin Sonatas

Hindemith/Bloch/Copland: Violin Sonatas

Schubert: Sonatinas Nos.1â€"3; Rondeau Brillant; Grand Duo Sonata

Franck/Debussy/Enesco: Violin Sonatas

Brahms: Violin Sonatas No. 1-3

Isaac Stern Presents Encores with Violin & Piano

• 1997

Barber: Adagio for Strings / Schuman â€" In Praise of Shahn etc.

Bartók Sonatas for Violin and Piano

Mozart: The Piano Quartets

• 1998

Isaac Stern Plays Mozart, Beethoven, Haydn

Beethoven: Violin Concerto in D

Bernstein: The Age of Anxiety; Foss: Serenade

Bach, Vivaldi: Concertos

Caprice Viennois: Music of Kreisler

• 1999

My First 79 Years

Tchaikovsky, Mendelssohn: Violin Concertos

• 2000

Dvorák: Piano Quartet No.2, Sonatina in G, Romantic Pieces

Vivaldi: The Four Seasons; Concertos for Two Violins

References

Further reading

• Stern, Isaac; Chaim Potok (1999). My First 79 Years. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-679-45130-7. 

External links

• Isaac Stern at AllMusic
• Isaac Stern at the Internet Movie Database
• Isaac Stern biography at Sony Classical
• Interview by Bruce Duffie, 27 May 1991
• Appearances on C-SPAN
  • Booknotes interview with Stern on My First 79 Years, January 23, 2000.
• From Mao to Mozart: Isaac Stern in China at the Internet Movie Database